However, this "accusation" was often reversed whites were raiding Florida and forcibly stealing the red men's slaves. Slave holders in Mississippi and other border areas were aware of this and "constantly accused the Indians of stealing their Negroes. "Negroes among the Seminoles constituted a threat to the institution of slavery north of the Spanish border. Over the years, those who became known as Black or Negro Seminoles established communities separate from the Seminole villages, and the two peoples had close alliances although they maintained separate cultures. Marine Corps, "in charge of immigration." Spain had given freedom to slaves who escaped to Florida under their rule, although the US did not recognize it. "The major problem was not with them but with the Indian- Negros." General Taylor would not, being a slave holder himself, deny "the Seminoles of their Negros", and "in practice", handed his captives over to Lt. The status of runaway slaves was a continuing irritation between Seminoles and European Americans. Most European Americans regarded the Seminoles as simply Creeks who had recently moved to Florida, while the Seminoles claimed Florida as their home and denied that they had any connection with the Creeks. The Seminoles were opposed to the move, and especially to the suggestion that they should be placed on the Creek reservation. This peace lasted for five years, during which time there were repeated calls for the Seminoles to be sent west of the Mississippi. īy early 1827 the Army reported that the Seminoles were on the reservation and Florida was peaceful. Fort King was built near the reservation agency, at the site of present-day Ocala, Florida. Colonel (later General) Duncan Lamont Clinch was placed in charge of the Army units in Florida. The Seminoles gave up their lands in the panhandle and slowly settled into the reservation, although they had isolated clashes with European Americans. Six chiefs, however, were allowed to keep their villages along the Apalachicola River. In 1823 the government negotiated the Treaty of Moultrie Creek with the Seminoles, establishing a reservation for them in the middle of the territory. Now that Florida belonged to the United States, settlers pressured the government to remove the Seminoles. The United States acquired Florida from Spain through the Adams–Onís Treaty in 1819 and took possession of the territory in 1821. In 1818 Andrew Jackson led an invasion of the Floridas, leading to the First Seminole War. Starting in 1810, the United States occupied and annexed parts of West Florida. They accused the Spanish authorities of harboring fugitive slaves and of failing to restrain the Native Americans living in Florida from raiding into the United States. The United States disputed the boundaries of West Florida. The United States and Spain were at odds over Florida after the Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolutionary War and returned East and West Florida to Spanish control. The Treaty of Moultrie Creek provided for a reservation in central Florida for the Seminoles. ![]() Other groups in Florida at the time of the Seminole Wars included "Spanish Indians", so called because it was believed that they were descended from Calusas, and "rancho Indians", persons of Native American ancestry, possibly both Calusa and Creek, and mixed Native American/Spanish ancestry, living at Spanish/Cuban fishing camps on the Florida coast. This name was eventually also applied to the other groups in Florida, although the Native Americans still regarded themselves as members of different tribes. Augustine began calling the Alachua Creeks cimarrones, which roughly meant "wild ones" or "runaways", and which is the probable origin of "Seminole". Another group of Hitchiti speakers settled around the Alachua Prairie in what is now Alachua County. One group of Hitchiti speakers, the Mikasuki, settled around what is now Lake Miccosukee near Tallahassee. The Creeks were the largest group, and included Lower Creeks and Upper Creeks, and both Hitchiti and Muscogee speakers. These included Alabamas, Choctaw, Yamasees, Yuchis and Creek people. 12 Macomb's peace and the Harney Massacreīands from various tribes in the southeastern United States had moved into the unoccupied lands in Florida in the 18th century.11 Jesup steps down Zachary Taylor takes command.9 Zachary Taylor and the Battle of Lake Okeechobee.5 The Army retreats, Governor Call tries his hand.Nominal end to conflict no peace treaty approximately 4,000 Seminoles forcibly transported to Indian Territory approximately 350 Seminoles remained in Florida unresolved conflict led to Third Seminole War in 1855.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |